
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (né le 29 juillet 1883 à Dovia di Predappio dans la province de Forlì-Cesena dans la région Émilie-Romagne en Italie, mort le 28 avril 1945 à Giulino di Mezzegra), est un journaliste et homme d'État italien. Fondateur du fascisme, il est président du Conseil du Royaume d'Italie, du 31 octobre 1922 au 25 juillet 1943, premier maréchal d'Empire du 30 mars 1938 au 25 juillet 1943, et président de laRépublique sociale italienne (RSI) de septembre 1943 à avril 1945. Il est couramment désigné du titre de Duce, mot italien dérivé du latin Dux et signifiant « Chef » ou « Guide ». Il est d'abord membre du Parti socialiste italien (PSI) et directeur du quotidien socialiste Avanti! à partir de 1912. Anti-interventionniste convaincu avant la Première Guerre mondiale, il change d'opinion en 1914, se déclarant favorable à l'entrée en guerre de l'Italie. Expulsé du PSI en novembre 1914, il crée son propre journal, Il Popolo d'Italia (Le peuple d'Italie) qui prend des positions nationalistes proches de celles de la petite bourgeoisie. Dans l'immédiat après-guerre, profitant du mécontentement de la « victoire mutilée », il crée le Parti national fasciste (PNF) en 1921 et se présente au pays avec un programme politique nationaliste, autoritaire, antisocialiste et antisyndi...more
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